The details of the C.L.A stages

This is the AO2 part of the exam and is worth 16 marks, which looks at stages and theory. This post will be about the stages.

Stage 1: Holographic stage (one word responses) 

Age: 12 - 18 months so most words are based from what they have heard family say.

What happens: the child utters their 1st words. They then build up a vocabulary of one word response       that they need.

Why: They convey meaning of a sentence throughy body language, innotation and volume.

Advice for exam response: it is unlikely a transcript will include a child of this age but always look out for the punctuation of one word answers, which will more likely to be response and can help convey meaning.

Types of words: nouns and verbs that relate to context, content clusters may make some words hard to say like "th" and often unrecognisable adult words but caregive will know what they say.

Stage 2 - Two Words

Age: around 18 months.

What happens: supports Chomskys L.A.D and the "emergence of grammar" to get across context like "all gone".

Types of utterances: more flexible vocabulary choices with a range of grammatical structure. Action, perform and response.

Advice: again this stage not likely to appear in text.

Stage 3 - Telegraphic and Post-telegraphic

Age: 2 - 21/2 years.

What happens: the child begins to use sentances of up to 4 words in length.

Types of utterances: "sentances are fluid but not fixed" meaning they will have gaps where non-lexical words should be. For example: connectives like "and", "but" and "if", articles like "the" and "a", auxiliary verbs  like "is" and "has" as well as the "ing" maybe emitted. Also, sentances can move from simple to compound and the use of the different types are also used like delclaritve for declaring, interrogive for keeping adjaceny pairs going and imperatives that lack positve and negative face.

Key frameworks: 

Grammar - the stricture of the languge e.g word order, sentance types, word endings, tenses, using negatives, passive and conjunctions.

Semantics - the meaning of words e.g the usage, growth and comprehension of vocabulary, which can be linked to lexis.

Phonology - the sounds of language e.g intenation, stress, tone and pronouction

Key sentance structure for the exam: 

It could be....

- said

- suggested

- highlighted

- argued

- seen